OSMT (Ontario Society of Medical Technologists) Practice Exam

Phagocytosis is:

1. a. inflammation of phagocytes

2. b. engulfing of foreign material by cells

3. c. increased number of phagocytes

4. d. secretion of antibodies for many years

The correct answer is: b. engulfing of foreign material by cells

Phagocytosis is the process by which certain cells, known as phagocytes, engulf and digest foreign particles, pathogens, or debris in the body. This biological mechanism is a crucial part of the immune response, enabling the body to eliminate harmful microorganisms and clear away dead or damaged cells. During phagocytosis, the phagocyte surrounds the foreign material and engulfs it, forming a vesicle called a phagosome. This vesicle then fuses with lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes, leading to the breakdown of the engulfed material. This process not only helps in defending against infections but also plays a role in homeostasis by clearing away cellular waste. The other options do not accurately describe the process of phagocytosis. While inflammation of phagocytes refers to an immune response, it does not define phagocytosis itself. An increased number of phagocytes might occur as a result of infection or inflammation but is not a definition of the process. Secretion of antibodies, although vital to the immune system, is a different function that involves B cells rather than the direct engagement and destruction of pathogens by phagocytes. Hence, the description of phagocytosis as the engulfing of foreign material