OSMT (Ontario Society of Medical Technologists) Practice Exam

What is albinism a result of?

1. An acquired decrease in polychrome production

2. A congenital increase in pigment production

3. A congenital decrease in melanin production

4. An acquired increase in keratin production

The correct answer is: A congenital decrease in melanin production

Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by a congenital decrease in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for the coloration of skin, hair, and eyes. This condition results from mutations in genes that are involved in melanin synthesis, leading to reduced or absent melanin production. Individuals with albinism typically have very light skin and hair, and their eyes may appear to have a pinkish hue due to the lack of pigment. The condition's hallmark is this inherent reduction in melanin, which is crucial for not only pigmentation but also the protection of the skin and eyes from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. As a result, people with albinism are often more susceptible to sunburn and skin cancers, and they may also experience vision problems. Thus, the correct choice highlights the congenital nature of the decrease in melanin production that defines albinism.