OSMT (Ontario Society of Medical Technologists) Practice Exam

What is the main function of the medulla?

1. Mediate visual and auditory reflexes

2. Regulate heartbeat and respiration

3. Store memory

4. Maintain equilibrium

The correct answer is: Regulate heartbeat and respiration

The main function of the medulla is to regulate vital autonomic functions, specifically heartbeat and respiration. The medulla oblongata, part of the brainstem, contains centers that control cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It ensures that the heart beats at an appropriate rate and maintains blood pressure while also regulating the rhythm and depth of breathing. These functions are crucial for sustaining life, as they manage the body's responses to metabolic demands. The other options, while related to different brain regions and functions, do not pertain to the primary role of the medulla. The mediation of visual and auditory reflexes is typically associated with other structures in the midbrain. Memory storage is primarily a function of the hippocampus and other areas within the limbic system. Maintaining equilibrium is generally tied to the cerebellum and vestibular system, which are responsible for balance and coordination. Hence, the role of the medulla in autonomic regulation stands out as its key responsibility.