OSMT (Ontario Society of Medical Technologists) Practice Exam

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What is the main purpose of the rate at which blood cells settle in the ESR test?

To measure sedimentation rate
To assess red blood cell count
To determine white blood cell concentration
To analyze plasma density

The correct answer is: To measure sedimentation rate

The primary purpose of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test is to measure the rate at which red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube over a specified period, usually one hour. This measurement reflects the presence of inflammation or other medical conditions. When there is inflammation in the body, proteins such as fibrinogen may increase in concentration, which causes red blood cells to clump together and settle faster. Therefore, a higher ESR indicates higher levels of inflammation or disease activity, making the test a useful tool in diagnosing conditions such as infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain types of cancer. The other options do not directly relate to the primary intent of the ESR test. Assessing red blood cell count, determining white blood cell concentration, or analyzing plasma density may involve different laboratory tests and measurements that do not pertain to the measuring of sedimentation rates, which is specifically what the ESR test is designed to evaluate.