OSMT (Ontario Society of Medical Technologists) Practice Exam

What is the synapse?

1. The axon of one neuron and the dendrite of the other

2. Adjacent Schwann cells on the axon

3. Sensory receptors and the efferent nerve

4. The myelin sheath and the cellular sheath

The correct answer is: The axon of one neuron and the dendrite of the other

The synapse is indeed defined as the junction between two neurons, specifically where the axon of one neuron communicates with the dendrite of another. This connection is crucial for the transmission of nerve impulses and the process of neurotransmission, allowing for communication within the nervous system. In this context, the structure of the synapse facilitates the release of neurotransmitters from the axon terminal of one neuron, which then bind to receptors on the dendrite of the adjacent neuron, ultimately enabling the continuation of the signal. This intricate communication system is fundamental to all neural processes including reflexes, sensory processing, and higher cognitive functions. The other options relate to different components of the nervous system but do not accurately define a synapse. For instance, adjacent Schwann cells are involved in myelination in the peripheral nervous system, while sensory receptors and efferent nerves refer to functional pathways rather than a specific synaptic connection. Furthermore, the myelin sheath and cellular sheath pertain to protective and insulating functions around nerve fibers rather than the synaptic junction itself.