OSMT (Ontario Society of Medical Technologists) Practice Exam

Which of the following best describes autoimmune disease?

1. a. Our resistance to disease

2. b. Acquired immune deficiency

3. c. A pathological state

4. d. When cells are abnormal

The correct answer is: c. A pathological state

The best description of autoimmune disease is indeed a pathological state. Autoimmune diseases occur when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy cells, tissues, or organs, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. This inappropriate immune response signifies a failure of self-tolerance, resulting in a chronic condition where the immune system is effectively misdirected. In this context, autoimmune diseases exemplify a pathological state because they fundamentally alter normal physiological functions and lead to various health complications. They can manifest with various symptoms depending on the tissues affected, and their progression can significantly impact a person's quality of life. The other options do not adequately capture the nature of autoimmune diseases. Resistance to disease pertains to the ability of the immune system to fend off infections and does not imply self-attack. Acquired immune deficiency refers to a weakened immune system, which is distinct from autoimmunity. Lastly, while abnormalities in cells can contribute to some diseases, the definition of autoimmune disease specifically involves an inappropriate immune response rather than solely the existence of abnormal cells.