OSMT (Ontario Society of Medical Technologists) Practice Exam

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Which statement is NOT true of the ABO blood types?

a. Type O has neither A nor B antigens on the RBCs
b. A person has antibodies in the plasma for those antigens NOT present on the person's own RBC
c. Type B has A antigens on the RBCs
d. This blood type is a hereditary characteristic

The correct answer is: c. Type B has A antigens on the RBCs

The statement about Type B blood having A antigens on the red blood cells (RBCs) is not true. In the ABO blood group system, Type B blood specifically possesses B antigens on the surface of the RBCs and does not have A antigens. Type A individuals have A antigens and anti-B antibodies, while Type B individuals have B antigens and anti-A antibodies. Type AB blood has both A and B antigens and no antibodies against either type, while Type O has no A or B antigens but has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. This structure of antigens and antibodies is critical for understanding blood transfusions and compatibility, as transfusing blood with incompatible antigens can lead to severe immune reactions. Therefore, recognizing the specific antigens present in each blood type, including that Type B exclusively has B antigens, is essential for anyone working with blood, making this information a foundational aspect of transfusion medicine.